Thursday, 25 February 2010
Why people need to breath? After we digestion food, our body can mainly gain glucose, fat and protein. To make these become energy which support our body, they need to be transit to all parts of our body through blood and then experience oxidation process. Therefore we need to absorb oxygen from the inhaled air.
When a person inhale smoke: the diaphragm moves downwards increasing the volume of the chest cavity, and the intercostals muscles pull the ribs up expanding the rib cage and further increasing this volume. This increase of volume lowers the air pressure in the alveoli to below atmospheric pressure. Because air always flows from a region of high pressure to a region of lower pressure. This is called negative pressure breathing, changing the pressure inside the lungs relative to the pressure of the outside atmosphere. In contrast to inspiration, during expiration the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax. This returns the thoracic cavity to its original volume, increasing the air pressure in the lungs, and forcing the air out.
Negative pressure breathing can be also seen as that we have to let the air which comes from our surrounding area get into our chest. We cannot breathe in air which are on the other side of world, thus we cannot always choose the best quality air.
The liquid and gaseous effluents produced from sugar industry have adverse impact on ecosystem and environment due to their high BOD load and toxic constituents according to Sugar Tech magazine. The sugar factory in Silvertown create big amount of carbon dioxide, although there is a new biomass boiler introduced to the refinery, and it expected to slash carbon emissions from energy use by 25 per cent in less than two years. No matter how much pollution it can reduce, it will not be zero. The surrounding areas contain large number of residence, highways, The City Airport etc. These areas are negatively breathing in the gaseous effluents that come from the sugar factory every day, like our lungs.
Nat Chard drew our attention towards the body- almost a piece of urbanism. He calculated flow rates for blood, air, food and fluids. The system duplicated the existing organs that are most closely associated with the most programmatic sites relating architecture to the body. A person wearing the architecture in a position to take an accompanying x-ray, that reveals new organs inside (x-ray). Researched an urbanist and found out that the internal architecture work hard to make interior feel continuous with the outside world, give autonomy. Change the default setting for organs cause some effects on the city. By changing the performance of the body you necessarily change the city.
The whole area in Silvertown also can be seen as that it is constructed by different organs, residences, airport, highways, sugar factory… residents, travelers, workers in sugar factories… are new organs inside. They are affecting each other closely. However, unlike Nat Chard’s study, there is no such an autonomy system inside this area to help it to balance. The city has changed it default setting, the inside organs need a device to work out for the best solution for gaseous effluents produced from sugar industry.
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