N Zhang

2011_March_Report

2011-07-04T21:23:00.000+01:00

Open publication - Free publishing

Final image

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Device plan

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smoke blowing system - electric fan

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Model

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smoke emission device design

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Device plan

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Interior

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hotel model

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Building structure

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hotel plan

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site plan

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Measuring system

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Measuring system structure analysis

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To measure the impact pollution has on the environment I chose a well-balanced approach. These collected data are to represent the development of Breathing Motion Landscapes. I collected them from three landscapes located in East London, and they are the foundation of my study. I mainly focused on the pollution caused to our ecological environment by industrial smoke by simulating a Breathing Motion Landscape with artificial smoke.
I drew this picture according to the data I collected. It demonstrates the speed and direction of wind, air pressure, density of air, temperature, humidity and pollution level. I combine all these data to construct the physical breathing systems.

DATA Collection

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Landscape Measurement

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Measuring instrument:Air quality scanners.Ventus wireless weather station.

fog performance

2010-06-23T17:23:00.003+01:00

Simplified physical modeling of the motion of smoke particles is based on the analysis of such activity in hydromechanics. I use grids to solve Navie-Stokes equationsso that I could simulate realistic smoke.

Simulation of smoke based on number of particle created function

2010-06-23T16:30:00.002+01:00

setting the trace of smoke, using digital image to simulate smoke
First of all, I combine Archimedes principle of buoyancy and the natural wind movement to analyze the forces acting on the smoke. Then I assume an ideal gas state to construct basic equations. These equations describe how the smoke moves.

breathing system

2010-06-23T16:23:00.002+01:00

I referred to the capillary system in human lung when I decided on the material and shape of the system. I put lighting on each vein. These lights give different colors according to the pollution level. At the same time, different data will result in different shapes of the measuring system. Here I adopted impressionism in picking the colors, so I can describe the smoke better.

Turbines at the bottom of the breathing system; they spread smoke by changing air pressure.

smoke transmission equipment

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. Air quality scanner

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Pollution measuring system

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Air quality scanner looks like a radar system. It is installed in various locations on the river terrace to form a monitoring base. Its fan structure rotates to collect data then pass on these to the breathing system through signal. Those blue and green parts are small imaging spectrometers which work in UV and visible light. At night it collects data using its own illumination system and can reach into water to carry out measurements.

Measuring point

2010-06-23T13:54:00.001+01:00

Measuring the spreading of pollution from the sources; which are located in the downwind area. C point is where measurements being taken.

Measuring pollution landscape

2010-06-23T13:51:00.001+01:00

To measure the impact pollution has on the environment I chose a well-balanced approach. Such obtained measurements are to represent the development of Breathing Motion Landscapes (BML). I would collect data from three landscapes located in East London, which are to serve as the foundation of my study.

MArch Report

2010-06-23T11:22:00.001+01:00

Open publication - Free publishing - More report

Breathing Motion Landscape

2010-03-29T09:37:00.002+01:00

Last term my research looked at how smoke inhalation and exhalation relates both to the body and the environment. This term, I divided the project into four separate categories - ideas, art, medical, and environment. I used this topic to develop construction designs – using ideas relating to the space of the human body. This includes the active rhythm of breathing in and out as well as the changing volume and shape of the lungs. At the same time, I have been considering how smoke combines with and has an affect on the environment, pollution, climate and sunlight. Being a part of every living being, I feel the lung is a good symbol of communal living and how we all have an impact on the environment around us.

The aim of this research is to consider how humans live within a smoky environment and how their own breathing or smoking changes the body of smoke. In this project, I have combined ideas about everyday human behaviour with scientific knowledge of the body’s interior. I am particularly interested in the interaction between space and human breathing.

I made this drawing to illustrate the action of smoking. I also researched how the human lung changes after smoking for one year, five years, twenty years, thirty years and fifty years. This clearly shows how the environment in the lung changes as a result of smoke pollution and the person’s chosen lifestyle.
During this research, I also looked at the issue of smog, which is a heavy fog caused by extreme pollution. This was a huge problem in London fifty years ago and sometimes covered the city for days, preventing everyone from working. After seeing this for himself, the artist Monet made some interesting paintings, using dark and mute colours.

I have been looking at an area in London, which is currently seriously polluted. It is situated by the river Thames - on the left side is a factory and on right is an airport. Both of these sites produce gas, which pollutes the environment. I am designing a new landscape for this area, which I have called ‘Lung’.
For the model of the construction I am using a transparent material. I have chosen this material because I want to incorporate the idea of transparency. This will bring both environment and architecture together, as well as human activity inside and outside the building. The landscape combines light, art and space in response to the changes and complexity of human breathing and its impact on their environment.

When the factory work starts at 7:00AM, it starts to produce polluted gas, which affects the view of the construction. This also throws out a different body of colour as well as expanding the presence of the factory construction. At about 1:00PM the factory produces more gas and environmental pollution peaks. At this time, the smoke trail moves much faster and its expanse is both higher and bigger. By the time the factory shuts down around 10PM, the main flights at the airport have also slowed down. As a result, visible pollution disappears and the presence of the factory goes back to normal.

I have compared this factory and movement of smoke to the function the human lung and its exposure to smoke inhalation. I am concerned with how smoke spreads into and damages the space of the lung as well as the air that we breath. The parallel between city pollution and a potentially unhealthy lung is a good reminder that we should protect the environment. I am using this concept to design a landscape, which expresses the complex relationship between the human body and environment.

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I have also looked at medical research into the function of the lung, such as how blood capillaries assist blood circulation in the human body. There are around 200, 0000 capillaries in the human lung and if these were spread out they would cover a football ground. These cells react to polluted gas, which creates detrimental changes to DNA and eventually causes the lung system to fail.

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Why people need to breath? After we digestion food, our body can mainly gain glucose, fat and protein. To make these become energy which support our body, they need to be transit to all parts of our body through blood and then experience oxidation process. Therefore we need to absorb oxygen from the inhaled air.
When a person inhale smoke: the diaphragm moves downwards increasing the volume of the chest cavity, and the intercostals muscles pull the ribs up expanding the rib cage and further increasing this volume. This increase of volume lowers the air pressure in the alveoli to below atmospheric pressure. Because air always flows from a region of high pressure to a region of lower pressure. This is called negative pressure breathing, changing the pressure inside the lungs relative to the pressure of the outside atmosphere. In contrast to inspiration, during expiration the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax. This returns the thoracic cavity to its original volume, increasing the air pressure in the lungs, and forcing the air out.
Negative pressure breathing can be also seen as that we have to let the air which comes from our surrounding area get into our chest. We cannot breathe in air which are on the other side of world, thus we cannot always choose the best quality air.
The liquid and gaseous effluents produced from sugar industry have adverse impact on ecosystem and environment due to their high BOD load and toxic constituents according to Sugar Tech magazine. The sugar factory in Silvertown create big amount of carbon dioxide, although there is a new biomass boiler introduced to the refinery, and it expected to slash carbon emissions from energy use by 25 per cent in less than two years. No matter how much pollution it can reduce, it will not be zero. The surrounding areas contain large number of residence, highways, The City Airport etc. These areas are negatively breathing in the gaseous effluents that come from the sugar factory every day, like our lungs.

Nat Chard drew our attention towards the body- almost a piece of urbanism. He calculated flow rates for blood, air, food and fluids. The system duplicated the existing organs that are most closely associated with the most programmatic sites relating architecture to the body. A person wearing the architecture in a position to take an accompanying x-ray, that reveals new organs inside (x-ray). Researched an urbanist and found out that the internal architecture work hard to make interior feel continuous with the outside world, give autonomy. Change the default setting for organs cause some effects on the city. By changing the performance of the body you necessarily change the city.
The whole area in Silvertown also can be seen as that it is constructed by different organs, residences, airport, highways, sugar factory… residents, travelers, workers in sugar factories… are new organs inside. They are affecting each other closely. However, unlike Nat Chard’s study, there is no such an autonomy system inside this area to help it to balance. The city has changed it default setting, the inside organs need a device to work out for the best solution for gaseous effluents produced from sugar industry.

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3-D Map of Air Pollution in London

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Map

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Soot gets in your eyes

2010-02-19T02:01:00.002Z

Back in the early 1900s, Claude Monet painted a series of pictures of his impressions of London. At that time London was a smokier place than it is today because people burned coal for heat, lots of coal! The sky was generally dark with pollution, and Monet recorded that in his paintings. I think he had soot in his eyes.
The Great Smog befell London starting on December 4, 1952, and lasted until March of 1953. It was a great disaster that killed thousands and formed an important impetus to the modern environmental movement.

Breathing landscape

2010-02-11T08:25:00.000Z

London wetland centre
Area: 42 hectares

Animals:

180 species of birds

8 species of bats

500 species of moths + butterflies

Wetland features:

Land was formerly occupied by several small reservoirs

Marshy areas = much moisture in the soil

Have a natural supply of water—Thames River

Wetland ----intermediaries between terrestrial and aquatic eccsystems

Functions:

1. wetlands prevent flooding by holding water, help keep river levels normal and filter and purify the surface of water

2.accept water during storms

3. release vegetative water into rivers—helps feed fish ---balance the human effect on river

4.animal migration + reproduction

Overall : control water flow + cleanse the system

Positive impact on London area

If hot spring is built--- (further connect people and the nature)

ecosystem will change:

wetland : muck filled breeding grounds for pets and dangerous disease.
Affect people in hot springs

Swaps—moving streams,
Dynamic areas

Sometimes are water
Sometimes are land or both

-----daily cycle in wetland water temperature will change , as hot spring
Water will also go back to there reservoirs

-----energy and heat transfer to the air, loss from ecosystem.
------ affect species in wetlands

-----more people enter the wetland may make species feel unsafe--- start to migrate
-----find suitable temperature for both animals inside and people in “hot water”

More information:

Overall numbers of ducks, geese, swans and wading birds spending winter in the uk have doubled since the 1970s -----climate change appears

Hot spring:

Heated air around the energy and heat, and these air will speed widely into the whole wetland ecosystem. Therefore ,helps birds and other species go through the dry and cold weather.

Control the movement of soil

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Explore the base environment

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When the wind blowing, the driven fluctuations in lake

I am doing some work to change the base of the landscape. Can imagine the effect of fog on the lake.

Base Observation

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9AM

1PM

3PM

5PM

water pollution

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Found that rocks

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Data on air quality and climate conditions

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3D map

Air pullotion

Air temperature

Rainfall

Wind direction

Project Base

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context map

planar graph

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Ice in the picture represents the ecosystem in the earth while smoke represents too much carbon dioxide and methane or other polluted gases in the air. The heated and polluted air expand quickly in the space, the movement of these gas molecule affects the original pure air molecule and finally cause the damage of the earth.

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After we find out the features and movements of the mixed air, we are able to control and use them in a better way, for instance, we can research who will be benefit from the carbon dioxide or methane, to make the greenhouse gases become popular.

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Following the flow and movement of the gas in the space, we can divide the gas into different levels: white lines are demonstrating our normal living environment; the colored lines are describing heated or polluted air space which is not suitable for survival. The ways of air flow are different and the air may experience different pollution under different climates and in various geographical locations (Island, highland etc.).

Observation of gases

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I used a glass bottle to create a space to explore the relationship between gas and the climate.
The left picture is symbolizing a space of pure air. We can observe the flow of air molecules.
The right one is showing that when heated gas entered into the space, and these gases had impacts on the pure air instantly. We are able to see that the heated gas molecule (pink line) moved quicker than the unheated pure air molecules, also they polluted the pure air, eg. carbon dioxide in the air increase is possibly causing global warming.

Plants breathe oxygen

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The relationship between breating and the natural environment

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The respiratory system of fish is the gills. Breath condition is in the water. Fish in the water, each gill piece, gill small pieces are completely open, so that the gill and water contact area expansion, increase intake of water by the dissolved oxygen opportunities. there is a small gill capillaries, where the skin is thin, when the blood flows through here, on the completion of the gas exchange: carbon dioxide through the gills will bring a small piece of thin-walled, sent to the water; the same time, drain the water of oxygen, oxygen With the blood circulation and transported to all parts of the body to go. As the mouth and gill cover, alternate opening and closing can make the water continuously from the mouth into the oral cavity and pharynx to reach through the gill cavity, and gill filaments approach, and from the gill holes routed outside the respiration of fish is in the process of completed. The water of oxygen in the process, was to absorb the blood vessels within the gills of fish, the fish would not have oxygen. Therefore, we say that the fish is to use gills to breathe, but the gills can not directly absorb oxygen from the air, the fish out of water, a result of later die of suffocation.

Burning House

2010-01-19T22:02:00.001Z

House fires are dangerous realities, but we've captured one for you without all the worry! Watch from the safety of your chair as beams are charred, furniture smolders,smoke engulfs doors or pours from upper windows, and dormers blaze. Observe household combustibles ingniting and a garage erupting in flame. Then watch as the final moments as smoke drifts by and nothing much is left but rubble.

Smoke reaction of body and environment structure

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Smoke corrosion body parts

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Mind map

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Gas diffusion space

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Gas into space

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Gas diffusion

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When one of the molecular bullets hits the wall of a container it exerts a force on the wall – exactly as a ball thrown at an open door exerts a force and will slightly move it. All the rebounds of the molecules add together and make up the pressure of the gas. This is when a human body exhaled smoke towards a wall.
If a molecular hits the wall, there will be a force to prevent its previous moving, but if the molecular hits another molecular which is the same as itself, these tow molecular will become a bigger one. This like people who share same interests and benefit in common are inclined to come together, and we always try to put same categories products together.

A sealed room full of smoke

2009-12-08T14:18:00.002Z

Human body is also an object that in this sealed space, when smoke is very heavy, we cannot see the body, but that does not mean that the body is not there. Only when the smoke spread for a while, we can gradually see the body. The skin is luminous, that can also reflect the smoke. Smoke in this situation is flowing from one space to another.

Combine the sphere Model with smoking

2009-12-03T14:27:00.001Z

Moving molecule can be smokes, ballet dancers, any visible or non visible things. They are spreading and flowing at any time in the city, the world and the space.

The visual lighting is being reflected and blocked by smokes.

2009-12-03T14:26:00.001Z

The flying smokes are dancing in the dazzling street lights. Within the Balloons are also contained air molecules which exhaled from a human body. No matter they are in dazzling lights or not, the movements of both the smokes and the dancers are happening. The lights make the multiple layers of the smokes visible, as well as the different images of the real world.

The visual lighting is being reflected and blocked by smokes.

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2009-11-25T02:43:00.000Z

《Ballet Dancers》 is the Degas works. The layout of the painting appear to be casual, but the. Some dancing, we can only see their legs, while others see only their body. Only one person can completely see that the complexity of her position is hard to tell. We see her from above her head forward low-down, left hand grasping the letter ankle, a deliberately relaxed look. Degas paintings, there is no story. The reason why he was interested in ballerina, not because they are beautiful girls. He does not seem to care about their mood, he impressed those who observe the surrounding landscape to identify the main kind of cold and objective attitude to observe them. His was concerned that the body shape on the interaction between light and dark is that he can be used to show movement or space. He hopes to draw a sense of space, drawn from the most unexpected point of view three-dimensional shape of the impression, so he likes to play selected from the ballet theme, rather than from the outdoor scenes in the selected theme. Watch rehearsals, Degas have a chance to see the richest in all aspects of change in body posture. above, looking down from the stage, he could see young girls dancing or rest, but also to the shortening of complex and stage lighting in the human body modeling results. According to the picture of the dancers are rehearsing we can imagine them dancing on the stage gesture, and dance produced by the space transformation, body language expression, light changing relationship.

Spin space

2009-11-24T14:45:00.001Z

This Model I have made is representing the performance scene on a TV, as an audience’s point of view. Dancers can be seen as those white spheres. When the dancers spin, their surrounding environment changes, rhythm changes, lighting changes, the story changes, thus, the audience feel the whole space is flowing.

MODEL

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Ballet dancers performing

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MODEL

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If the dancers movements can be seen as similar as the motion of smoke, the dancers are also can be depicted as thousands of spheres.

Friction effect of the environment

2009-11-24T14:33:00.001Z

Dancers and smokes are affecting by their spin and rotation.

Space Action

2009-11-24T14:32:00.002Z

No single molecule could retain a large amount of energy for any length of time as it would suffer too many collisions. They must make themselves to become a particular form, shape or pattern to be suitable within the surrounding environment. Therefore, there is a closely relationship between the moving objects and the flowing space.

The shadow change the environment

2009-11-24T14:22:00.001Z

Not only the objects themselves also the shadows, are changing.